NYT: Ten years after President Bill Clinton announced that the first draft of the human genome was complete, medicine has yet to see any large part of the promised benefits.
10 years on, human gene map yields few cures
Seeded on Sat Jun 12, 2010 9:14 PM EDT (msnbc.com)


It was only the first step. We knew that.
ROTFLMAO!!!!!!!!!!
It took nature BILLIONS of years to develop the human genome. What were we expecting, a little AAA map inside that says "This way to cancerland"?
To think that after all this time nature was just going to allow us to fix her own system without a fight is ridiculous. The complexity of nature is something we can continue to explore and someday maybe even solve. Just because the sequences and mutations are uncovered doesn't mean we know what it means.
Nature's life has been challenged multiple times on earth by her own catastrophes, each time it was restarted in different directions. From the PreCambian extinction 650 million years ago to the great extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago there have been hundreds of extinctions in between and millions of species eradicated.
Genomes have been destroyed, altered and rearranged until nature stumbled around and created us. Life is still totally misunderstood as to "why", to think we will soon decide "how" life happened and how we can control it may be a bit misguided.
Life is a complex entity, to think we're just going to figure it out in 100 years or so is naive on our part. From the simplicity of a single celled amoeba to the massive size of a hump-back whale, from the simple intelligence of a flower following the tract of the sun to mans incredible intellect, it is all linked.
Despite our curiosity and even our grandiose desire to use natures most incredible creation to benefit our existence, life is still a mystery. We may expose nature, we may even discover the secrets buried in lifes blueprint, the question we will face is,,,
now what?
How much of humanity's health problems are actually 100% genetic rather than the consequences of living a @!$%#ty lifestyle on a toxic planet? No magic bullets here folks, better move along to alt.energy. Or prayer, because everyone knows that always works and is cheap as free.
do think tthat nature accidentally stumlble on this complex we called human existence,through the evolutionary process?. is evolution a theeory or a scientific discipline
Well it was wortha try. It's a good start to a long process.
How can we figure out how to cure genetic-linked diseases if we can't even stop an oil leak?? Besides, the earth, our home, is overpopulated now and would be impossible if life was extended and death didn't trim the population....which isn't happening now. All our efforts are fairly useless and probably detrimental to the survival of the human species.
Fisherman ..... too much mercury?
USARogue #1.1: Great comment..................of course no AAA map...........how about a Mapquest address for that cancer gene!
Seems to me this is largely a problem for the press who has hyped this thing beyond the bounds of reason. Scientists have rarely said we would have cures in 10 years. Anyone who works in research or in drug development knows it takes 15 years minimum (and a billion dollars!) to bring a drug to market once the drug is first made. However it can take 15 years to even conceive of the drug once the genetic targets are known. There also needs to be staggering investment for the basic academic research, which has been staggeringly reduced over the last 10 years. And all this won't make the drug work if there is more to the complexity of the diseases. Often we learn more about the disease after drugs are already being made, as is the case in Alzheimer's.
Further, knowing the basic genome doesn't tell us what the genes do, or how the proteins that they code for interact and regulate each other. Decoding the genome was a big first step in an even bigger journey to decode our biochemistry. If Clinton said 10 years to some interesting cures he was wrong - and right. We have had amazing advances in many fields and there are many new avenues of research that have been stimulated by the technologies and information from the genome project. There are drugs being made and marketed today that are a direct result of this new field. They just happen to not be all out cures, but rather treatments for many chronic conditions. All the low hanging fruit has been plucked decades ago. Gone are the days of getting a simple shot in the arm for a cure. The remaining diseases are much more complicated and require more complicated medicines and treatments.
Also remember that some diseases such as cancer are a combination of genetic problems and no two cancers are alike. There is no magic bullet for cancer and the public needs to get that idea into their heads. Blaming scientists and the drug industry for not curing the world of disease in 10 years just shows the depth of ignorance within our population. People either need to get a degree and do some research themselves or they have really got nothing to add to the conversation.
USARogue & radagast - Excellent comments! What is your background? I'm an FP physician.
Agree we are near the beginning, not the end, of genetic research and genomics. By doing the basic science, we truly have discovered how little we know, and raised many more questions about the unknown. Applied science will take more time. We are not yet 300 years in the future where Dr. Crusher of Star Trek can sequence a genome and synthesize a cure within the span of a TV episode.
Given that safe and effective designer drugs are few and far between, and that the cost for demonized "Big Pharma" to bring a new drug to market is on the order of $1 billion. We have a long way to go.
For now, I still would emphasize to patients taking personal responsibility, living healthy lifestyles, not seeking a pill to fix everything, and taking the cheaper generic well-established medications when medically indicated.
Always good to meet another medical professional! I'm an Alzheimer's researcher doing basic academic science. I am continually awed and humbled by new advancements every year and the pace of work continues to increase. The theories of just 5 years ago are proving to only describe part of the story and I know this is largely true of many fields. What we know today will be dwarfed by next year. The pace of discovery and the understanding that comes with it is directly related to our understanding of the human genome and the techniques that were developed. But the picture that is evolving is one of staggering complexity beyond what even the craziest scientist ever dreamed. Without ways of dealing with the huge amounts of data we are largely limited in our interpretations. But if I didn't think it was worth doing I wouldn't be doing it and I know that that goes for the vast majority of researchers out there. That's why I bristle at people who state that science is all about greed and cover-ups. These people clearly have no understanding about the things they espouse.
You're right that being healthy overall and being responsible for one's own health goes a long way to avoiding many chronic diseases. Genetics is showing us clearly that our environment and lifestyle alters the activity of our genes and that it isn't just mutations that predispose us to negative health. A large part of Alzheimer's involves a breakdown in overall health that eventually manifests in the brain. Healthy lifestyles go a long way to mitigate these changes. That's good news because we don't have to wait 20 years for a drug in order to make a healthy change in people's lives.
radagast - Thanks!
FYI - http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/362/21/2001 - NEJM article on genomics. Things are a lot more complicated than DNA ---> RNA ---> protein.
Tell me about it! I'm trying to write a grant right now and I keep starting over with every new paper I read. The post translational modifications to proteins in signaling cascades are ridiculous to comprehend and people keep finding more. This is where the action is in driving biochemistry and we barely understand a fraction of it because we never had the tools to detect it. I'm trying to put it all together in a meaningful way in my research and you'd be surprised how many previously misunderstood things come into rapid focus when these modifications are incorporated. I need more grad students!
Thanks for the article!
How naive is the writer of this article and the NYT editor that allowed this article to be posted? The whole reason we see no cures from this project is because Big Pharm doesnt want there ever to be cures, else they'd be out of business. Nor does our govt want it to happen. How many people would be out of a job in the healthcare sector if there was no longer cancer to treat? I know I may sound pessimistic, but I work for a large Oncology management company, and first and foremost before we try treating and curing cancer, we're going to make a buck doing it. Cancer patients through cancer centers has turned into a warehousing and cattle business. See more patients, faster and cheaper, and get more reimbursement. The Genome Project was great for science and knowledge, but to think that chemist, doctors, and pharmacists who cure things will do so, is a big laugh.
And why should it not be so? After all, the god of America is named Profit. The more lives that can be placed on Profit's alter the better.
You can remove all the genetic causes for cancer, and people will still get cancer. There is enough industrial waste in the food chain and all around you to ensure millions of americans (that are not predisposed to cancer), will eventually get cancer.
Throw in cosmic radiation (and pretty much all forms of radiation) and mutation of genes, and genetic causes will eventually find there way back in to the genome anyways.
That is why the free market is such a dumb way to run a healthcare system. Too bad no one will let us fix it.
This article is one of the most ill-responsible and naive pieces I have ever seen written . Let's see,, the process of apoptosis, Gleevec as a drug that has saved 100's of thosands of lives for G.I.S.t and CML, but more importantly, the ability to turn on and off genetic "signals with a pill.
It has been intrumental in finding drugs that make living with AIDS possible. here is a long list of FUTHERING the process to undestand how things work.
12 years is not long time, and it was never intended to be a magic bullet . The really strange part is the writer says that it has not yielded and good information ( not true) but then admits , that people are only now starting to have their own genertic sequences done. DUH.
It was made as a map , not everyones is the same , so to say it is a waste is nuts.
They are in the process of,, lets say Pain medication, where YOUR pain were be treated specifically to your genetic make up. Same thing with YOUR cancer, and many other diseases.
So your ___— will have drugs, made specifically for your body and genetic make up. It is a HUGE leap in the treatment of disease, pain, etc. HUGE.
The writter,and we know who he works for, ( at least it gives him an excuse ) did not research his info very well.
The Gnome is already changing the way that drs will treat people . As with Gleevec, the ability to turn on and off a gene with a pill is like the invention of electricity .
Bobby - You are apparently foreign or semi-illiterate in English with your bad grammar and terrible spelling......but you have some good ideas. Keep thinking. That's all we can do.
It's the mercury from the fish ,or maybe the effects of the chemo therapy that is saving my life on my eye sight .
One of the 2
CoH be damned, that is one of the most irresponsible, untrue, mentally impotent, and just plain dumb lines of reasoning ever postulated. I have to respond simply because of the real divisions and mistrust that these kinds of comments sow in the real world. The author of that quote is hardly alone in this thinking however, and it shows the imbecilic nature of thought in America these days. Just a bunch of armchair scientists and conspiracy theorists who troll the internet getting naive people angry about nonsense, because it fits their personal narrative of victim-hood and helplessness. It must feel good to have no responsibility for the world and just create false scapegoats instead. Saying that drug companies won't cure diseases simply because they will run out of products to sell is like saying that musicians don't write songs because they are afraid of running out of songs to sing.
Instead of turning people against each other, people like this ought to get involved, do some research, and make a difference. Get educated.
Biological research is an expensive, time consuming, and complicated endeavor. It is made even harder to achieve anything when our population turns against science or spreads insidious lies about research ethics.
Cygnus - You are free to voice your opinions. That is what is great about our country. Instead of ranting, how about be part of the solution. Comments by radagast (1.9 & 2.7) are right on!
Bobby - You are partially correct about Gleevec. But sometimes the malignancy develops resistance to this drug. The more we learn, the more complex we discover things are. The science behind the drug and the cellular processes is amazing.
The health care system in this country has NEVER been a free market system in your lifetime. This is a fact. Sorry people, those of you who endlessly caw on about the free market being corrupt normally point out examples that aren't free market systems. Sounds to me that most people who complain about the free market have no idea what it really is.
Secondly, it's not only the US who's working on this puzzle. There are plenty of other nations that have thrown their hats into the ring who don't have the restrictions of the US Government over their heads that are making small amounts of progress in different areas related to genetics. Get your head out of the sand and you'll see it.
Cygnus hit it square on the head. There's no money in cures only in treatments
There is actually a lot of short term money in curing cancer. If it takes $10k to test your genome, i am sure it will cost a heck of a lot more to alter it.
Most corporations are all about short term gains, which allows them to move on to the next best thing. That is, of course, if you are not part of some government subsidized corporation. Then profits dont matter.
Guess trying to predict the future of science isn't a science (take note climate crisis)
Also-News flash- Merck is not a philanthropic organization.
I think that the scientists should stop trying to solve what is not ment to be solved. Everything happens for a reason and when the time is right for us to be "perfect" and heal everyone God will tell us.
Did God not give us the gift of knowledge? Does he just say " ride it out? " I think not.
Jesus and teaching people to fish rings a bell somewhere.
maybe he gave us that knowledge and reason for a reason? just a thought
If the scientists are trying to solve this mystery, it is god that is letting them.
If god did not want scientists to do this, then they would not be doing this.
Where's the profit in finding a cure for a disease? There's alot more money in maintaining and treating symptoms. If a cure for diabetes were found today....think of all the billions of $'s that would be lost between pharma and the medical establishment.
Am I jaded? slightly
"Where's the profit in finding a cure for a disease?"
History bares this out. Everyone knew there was no money in pharmaceuticals and the big bucks were in leaches, blood letting, and electroshock.
History bares this out. Everyone knew there was no money in pharmaceuticals and the big bucks were in leaches, blood letting, and electroshock.
There is a lot of money in antibiotics too. You would be amazed at things that are in the pipeline.
You don't have to use them. Keep letting your kids use anti-bacterial soap every 3 seconds, and then when you are sitting in a tree, with a 103 fever they cant treat because the bacteria is resistent to everything, you will be thankfull that this project was done.
will you stick to your principles and not use anything that comes from this reasearch? I doubt it.
isn't living with diabetes much more manageable than 20 years ago? They are very close to some major treatment annoncements that will change that disease forever.
still whose responsiblity for the HUGE increase in childhood diabetes? The parents not watching diet . coke vs water. Giving the kids crappy meals with 20 lbs of surgar in it?
Personal responsiblity plays a role
Still, who'd
JA,
Why don't you use your body to test these things? Biotechnology has created ways to produce artificial cells that generate insulin. Are you willing to put this "crap" in your body for the betterment of science?
Most people are not, so science has to work with what it has. The day they allow widescale testing on humans is the day medical science can actually create these miracle cures that so many people demand.
I did. Chemo therapy saved me from a certain death sentence . 100% death, fast without it, 100 % cure with it.
where is the hesitation in that equation?
Was your chemo therapy experimental? Or, was it tested on mice and other animals for years before that? When human testing was finally allowed, did they first test it on people in very low dosages. You know, the people that had a high probability of survival without the meds?
Sorry to say Bobby, but I seriously doubt you were testing out anything that was not tested many years before human trials.
You can either have safety or you can have fast turnover on experimental treatments. Most people, including our government (atleast most of the time) will take safety over everything else.
That Sucks Just lost my Dad to Lung Cancer, And he was 49, one of the worse things I ever had 2 go through.. Hopefully soon they find a Cure, So no one else has 2 Deal with the Pain I went through..
I am sorry to hear about your dad.
Yes, lung cancer is bad, but the progress they have made in the last 5 years has been a huge leap. Made another huge leap in the last year, with a vaccine now in final stage approval process, and the results have been phenominal .
The trickey thing abut cancer, and more specific , lung cancer is why someone who never smokes get's it ( Chris Reeves wife) and someone who smokes 5 packs a day, never does . There is a group of people in Italy who they are studying very closely who smoke like there is no tomorrow. No lung cancer.
What are they using to figure out why? The genetic make up of these people, directly resulted by the Gnome project. Once they found the genetic make up of the sequence, as the writer of this article "blurted" in a single sentence, then they go to the individual's sequence . They are not the same in everyone . The " Gnome" mapped the general sequence, but individuals will have a variation of the sequence , which also must be mapped.
There is ony 3 cancers that can be cured for the most part with Chemo therapy . Testicular has gone from an almost 100 % death sentence to a 100 % cure rate. childhood lukemia , and Hodgekins. The same.
Cancer,is triggered by something in the sequence and something in the world . This project has gone a long way to understanding where to find the triggers. Cancer will never be cured as a blanket treatment for everyone. It will be treated, cured, or be a chronic , treatable disease based on the individuals "system"
This article is poorly written and researched , and it is clear the author had no idea what he was writing about .
Again, as a canncer survivor of 13 years , I am very sorry about your father . It may or may not be any comfort,b ut what they learned from your father will one day help many, many people with lung cancer. They have made great leaps toward treatment, and they are close.
Hang in there.
"One sign of the genome’s limited use for medicine so far was a recent test of genetic predictions for heart disease....... collected 101 genetic variants that had been statistically linked to heart disease........ But the variants turned out to have no value"
So why is this touted as a use for medicine. A big study, lots of grant money, and nothing. So far the only thing to come out of all this is a batch of bogus markers portending future disease to be used against people rather than help people.
They now understand the process called Apoptosis. It is the genetic signal that tells the heart cells to die. Without the project, they would have taken decades to find this out.
It is important as if they can stop the signal, or messages for the heart cells to die, then they stop or hghly reduce the number of cells that die during a heart attack , reducing damage to the heart, which is a muscle.
This is directly related to the gonome project. There are many many more. it is ludicris for this author to say " gee, it has been 10 years, where are the cures? " He completely over looked, or was extremely lazy in his reasearch, as he never mentioned a single one that have been used in treatment , directly from the project.
He never mentioned the HUGE advancement in pain treatment. It won't be take a percocet for evveryone, but it will be a tailored treatment for Bobby's pain, or Jims pain.
Same for treatment of cancer. Same for heart disease. The gnome was to map the sequence of the genes of the human body. The subset of that, which he touches on, briefly, was actually the "meat" of the story . Everyones subset is different in some ways . Once they have your subset , then they can create treatments for a specific individual , rather than one size fits all. We all don't have the same shoe size, or same color eyes. Why is that? It is our own subset of genes.
He/she wrote this article on a one size fits all perspective. that is what is wrong here. he/she didnt get the big picture.
There are tons and tons of things, treatments coming from this in a relatively hort period of time, as far as research is concered. You will one day in the not so distant future, have Bobby's medicine, or Nibor's medicine rather than "one size fits all." had he/she looked, she would find examples of this becoming the norm, everywhere .
yes it is expensive , but as with everything , the more people doing it, the lower the price will be .
Totally lazy, and poorly researched article.
Look at the history of science and you'll see there have been many experiments and studies that resulted in no useful outcome except the knowledge that a particular path of study was a dead end. How long did it take for electricity to advance from an interesting curiosity to a useful force that could be controlled and used?
nibor - As you say, "so far."
Pharmaceutical Companies, Doctors, Hospitals and Insurance Companies couldn't stand the loses if cures were brought forward! They all work hand in hand with our Insurance Companies to make sure our cost of living stays low due to their rediculous way out of line costs for health care!
Really Steve? Gimme a break!
You know what? That statement is ...... well, you know if you look deep down inside yourself .
Cures or treatments would shorten hospital stays , thus reducing cost to insurance companies. Treatments for CML with gleevec has reduced cost 10 fold by keeping people out of Hospitals .
One of the best Oncologist in the world, at Indiana University, who discovered the protocol that is most studied in the world for treatment of Testicular cancer said one time. " if i could bill by the hour like a lawyer, he woulld be rich ". He doesn't , and he isn't. he will never refuse anyone treatment based on pay. the majority of his patients do not pay. he never complains , nor is it his motivation , and he helps people all over the world. Free. I think he makes approx 80,000 a year. that doesn't cover basic med school any more.
A GP, if he gives a vaccination in his office LOSES 50.00 for every shot he gives . Great potential for profit there eh steve?
Now, if you are thinking about those evil Drs a certain politician often cites who are making Billions cutting off peoples feet, and removing their tonsils, resulting in skyrocketing medical cost, you my have a point.
The problem is, I know 100's of Drs, and not one of them have ever amputated someones feet. Not a single time, let alone all the time. I also dont see a ton of people walking down the street, or excuse me, kneeling on skate boards , rolling down the street , because there is some mass foot amptation going on somewhere, at some secret locations so a Dr can buy a new boat.
Moronic.
Less hospital, quicker treatment means less cost. Ask anyone in the UK. they first make you wait, so if you die ( funeral is cheaper than heart surgery ), they may or may not give you a glass of water, you see a nurse not a dr ( sometimes good ,sometimes bad ) if you need a Ct-scan more wait, and if you are still alive, you are out in days. But it's free right? opps forgot those taxes you pay for shoddy treatment.. great system cause it's free.
Sure... the Pharma's LOVE the insurance companies. I don't think so......
And that my friends is why medicine is so expensive.
This is a case of looking where the light (money) is vs. looking where the cure is. We've looked and looked in this one spot (genitics) and found nothing - even though there is a lot of light. The cause is somewhere else, along with the cause of other chronic diseases. The environment, and in particular bacteria. The NIH funded a study of the genes in a human. About 90% of the genetic material in a human is not human - it is mostly bacterial. So where are these bugs hiding? They are parasitizing our cells in cell wall deficient form. They are there.. just look with an electron microscope. And they modify our DNA to suit their needs. It's not too much of a stretch from that to modifying it in a way that causes cancer. And if they don't cause cancer, they cause other chronic diseases. See mpkb.com ...free answers
Aside from the obvious sham science that is espoused in your post, you areright that environment plays a role in many chronic diseases. However, understanding genes is necessary to understanding how our cells' biochemistry works at a functional level during health and disease and how environmental conditions affect those genes. There may not be a magic bullet cure in every disease that can be found in our genes, but the understanding we gain as to the regulation of genes and which genes are doing what and when is instrumental. We seek to understand the biological processes of cells in the same way we understand how a car's engine works. Until we achieve that level of sophistication we will have no shot at understanding the disease processes of chronic disorders.
This is all a big waste of money. People have historically not gotten most modern diseases till they changed their diets to a grain based one with heavy use of sugar thrown in. Nothing to do with genetics except we are not able to thrive on this modern diet. Cancer is candida albicans as demonstrated by DR Tulio Simoncini but the cancer industry will not allow this to be recognized.
I agree with one statement you made. White, refined surgar is one of the most dangerous substances on this earth, and is in almost everything we eat.
Use raw brown surgar.
Ever visit a sugar refinery? I used to work in one. 98% of raw brown sugar, as you call it, is nothing but white refined sugar with molasses added to it. Brown sugar can be produced by adding the molasses at an earlier stage of refining, but there are still loads of chemicals involved in it's manufacture. Sugar is bad news, white, brown, pink with yellow dots, it doesn't matter.
C. albicansis not the cause of all cancers. Academic scientists compete against each other for accuracy. I highly doubt there is a conspiracy to reduce accuracy among the thousands of private research groups, by stifling data. If Dr. Simoncini is right (and most evidence says otherwise) he will be eventually borne out. Conspiracies do not survive long in scientific circles, not by the nature of the people, but by the nature of the process.
Big Pharma is never going to allow any cures for diseases because of the enormous loss of profits on drugs to treat them!
"Big Pharma is never going to allow any cures for diseases because of the enormous loss of profits on drugs to treat"
So... there are no cures for any diseases because they don't make money? I think there are a lot of cures for a lot of diseases. I could name 1,000's.
so nonsense .
Do you know how much it takes to research and develop a drug, take it thru the FDA etc?.
You want it for free? the problem is, that you pay for it one way or another, either out of pocket , insurance, or through Taxes.
Where is the free in that picture?
Where do you work Common? Would you work for free? I wish next time I go to a restaurant, the waiter is free, the drinks are free, maybe they will do my laundry , all for free?
new clothes. free. New car, free and the guy selling it to me, better be free and nice.
Even in Cuba, things are not free. canada, not free. UK, Italy, China, India, not free. Saudi ,not free. Dubai, very not free and in fact expensive.
where do you get the idea that things should be free? start with yourself, and give up your paycheck, or Government check , then we can talk.
would you work for free? Serious question
Is your internet free? your x-box or cell phone? nope
Common"sense", then how about you stop seeing doctors and stop using medicines altogether and help lower my insurance payments?
Saying that drug companies won't cure diseases because they will run out of drugs to make is like saying musicians don't write songs out of fear of running out of songs to write.
CommonSense - Your logic is faulty. Cures are incremental and very costly to develop. Genomics is the future and is fascinating scientifically, but the discoveries that result (e.g. personalized medicine, a cure for every individual harmful gene mutation or single nucleotide polymorphism or chromosomal translocation) are frightfully expensive.
It's so Sad My dad had 2 spend around 500,000 to Battle his Cancer, wich left left him nothing for his Family.. I hate Politics..
yes, it cost me a lot too. I paid it , took 5 years but I paid it.
I don't believe cancer should be political , butt the Politicians like it that way. It's about controll, not compassion.
There are tons and tons of resources for people with cancer . Most Drs will treat for free, as cancer survivors are good with understanding the difficulty and cost, and are very generous with their hard earned dollars. Komen, LAF, and 1,000's of others are there to help.
One of the biggest misses people do is when they find out they have canccer, immediately ask for the LCSW that is available to everyone. hey are the angels, and they find the money. many people don't pay a dime , because there are so many places and people that help.
That's America. Anytime at a hospital, ask for the social worker. They are true angels
And people cry when they think we are wasting money in space? Okay, well we need to figure out what's going on in our own bodies. The problem is when a company makes a discovery, they don't "share". They charge a ridiculous "rent" on the data they have assembled, and it makes it hard for places like college researches to afford to improve or continue it. Stem cell research has the same draw backs. When a big company is involved, they ain't in it for the science, they are in it for the money only, don't kid yourself. Oh yes, they are allowed to make money, but like anything else, it's way over priced and un reachable for the "little guy" to participate.
The majority of Pharma research is "rented or purchased" from Universities, who now form Corporations to protect their discoveries.
Take what you said and reverse it. pharma's cut R & D about 15 years ago, which is why you saw a surge in Small Biotect Companies, which were the universities forming Corporations . It was less expensive to do it this way, rather than doing it all themselves .
So they "rent " part A from one University, Part B from another... so on and so on.
it is win-win for both . many a University researcher or groups of them, and the Universities themselves make a ton of money from this research, which is "rented or sold to the parma companies.
Shocking I know, but the Universitiy Researchers and the schools themselves wanted a piece of the pie .
Again, started about 15 years ago, and is now the norm. Has been for quite a while
How about some free science to dispell your myth? Go to www.pubmed.com. Poke around and you'll find millions of scientific papers published to the public. The only fee is for the journal subscription and that can be gotten around by simply using a computer at a medical university's library, which are for the most part open to the public. The vast bulk of science is available to the public if you know what you are reading of course.
Companies protect their investments - that is nothing new. Should they not have a right to profit from their investment? How could anyone produce a drug if they can't at least be garaunteed to recoup the money they put in? However, the basic science that they build their business on is freely available.
In the 1930's Dr. Weston A Price did a 9 year study searching out the healthiest peoples all over the world. He found them and he found their sickly neighbors, and he took pictures, counted cavities and recorded diets. He found many peoples were profoundly healthy, well developed, not fat, and had amazing immune systems. He found no cancer heart disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders etc, etc in any of them. He found their diets consisted of pasture fed meats, and fats from pasture fed or sea animals, when they drank milk, it was raw and whole and pasture fed, that their carbs when they had them were unrefined, no canned foods, no soda (didn't much exist yet). He checked their vitamin intake and found it to be as much as 10 times the amount of Americans (and theirs was higher then), He found fat soluble vitamins very important for development and childbearing. And when he found the sickly neighbors, he recorded the same stuff (diets, cavities, etc,)and found their diets were refined and adulterated. He even had the opportunity to watch individuals, as they left their healthy tribal environment to work and eat the modern diet, they would deteriorate, and come back, take up the healthy diets once again and regain lost ground.
Why is this so very complicated? If Price discovered one underlying fact, it was that genes are damaged by bad nutrition. For a 5 generational study see "Pottenger's Cats". He found that when cat's were raised on an all cooked diet, it damaged their fertility such that they were infertile by the 4th generation. And if too many generations had gone without raw meat, the trend was irreversible.
Thye know this stuff but are determined to find a genetic link. Why read Edmond Black's "war against the Weak" and you will be taken down through history where the Eugenicists changed their title to "geneticist" to avoid bad PR.
I agree about the diets, but the big problem is that we can't feed all the people in the world with natural foods. The productivity is just too low. We have grown beyond our means. How do we feed everyone without using processed foods or factory farms?
Also scientists aren't ignoring environment and diet in favor of genetic causes. The focus is on understanding how genes interact with themselves and the environment. Genes are not static things, they are very dynamic during normal biochemistry.
Eugenics is not genetics. Some misguided pseudoscientists used the new ideas of the time to espouse their twisted political views. They have nothing in common with modern genetics, or even genetics from their time.
NYT: Ten years after President Bill Clinton announced that the first draft of the human genome was complete, medicine has yet to see any large part of the promised benefits.
Of course "few cures" have been developed 10 years after mapping the human genome. Any pharmaceutical company will tell you (not out right) that THERE IS NO $MONEY$ TO BE MADE IN CURES just remedies so as long as their is big money to be made don't expect any medical miracles from the human genome map. It's about the money folks... always has been and always will be, sad but true. Unless someone out there decides to do what's right for humanity and not their pockets but yeah like that will happen.
No matter how far we've come we are still savages :-(
98% of lung cancers are caused by smoking but there are two distinct types of lung cancer. The second, less common form, is not caused by smoking. Some lung cancers, typically caused by smoking, in people who do not smoke may be caused by inhaling second hand smoke over a long period of time. There are many doctors who are honest and do not make huge sums of money; however, in the 1980s, medicine was declared a business (previously accepted as a calling) and the money grubbers invaded the profession. The existence of greed in the medical profession is clearly demonstrated by the fact that fraud (by physicians and other providers) is rampant in Medicare. The family physicians don't make exorbitant incomes but the specialists make millions of dollars per year which is why there is a shortage of family physicians. A great deal of disease is caused by unhealthy life styles and can be lessened or eliminated by changes in lifestyle. Exercise alone is a great benefit to heart patients because the body actually builds new blood vessels around the blocked ones to nourish the heart. Each of us can lessen our chances of developing a number of serious or fatal illnesses by taking responsibility for our own health instead of popping a pill to cure the disease we've developed. I've worked in health care all my life and I can say with certainty that the medical suppliers (drug companies, instrument sales, etc.) are in it for the money and promote their lab tests and drugs aggressively; and they charge hospitals, clinics and doctors ridiculous fees for their products. For example, you could buy a plastic waste bucket at Wal Mart for $12 but a similar or identical bucket will cost a hospital $50 from a medical supply company. And drug companies market directly to patients which is a waste of money since a patient cannot prescribe a drug, only the doctor can. So billions of dollars are spent on TV ads to encourage patients to ask their doctors for specific drugs (which they would get without the ads if the doctor felt they needed them) instead of providing drugs at lower costs. I could go on and on but you get the picture.
The American Cancer Society claims that less than 90% of Lung cancer are associated with smoking. I wonder what other "facts" you've made up?
Agree with estcst that smoking is the cause of about 90% of lung cancers, not 98%.
I think that a fair amount of Medicare fraud is committed by persons not even involved in the care of patients (i.e. don't be so quick to blame doctors and otheer ancillary providers). I don't have any stats to back this up, just anecdotes. I'm thinking about persons who steal identities and create ficticious medical practices, and bill Medicare for services that did not exist, or even those scooter manufacturers and medical supply companies that advertise on TV (except Liberty) selling their high-priced items compared to companies that do not waste health care dollars on advertisements but rather contract directly with hospitals and Medicare.
The biggest discoveries in science have been made in the past, by observing scientists with very little resources. Today's science is hellishly expensive, creating mega output data which, as it turns out, nobody can interpret.
The discoveries in the past were low-hanging fruit.
Your "nobody can interpret" line is erroneous, as are many statements that deal in absolutes. Scientists like radagast and physicians like myself interpret data regularly and gradually advance the field of medicine.
Maybe they left God out of their equations...
Correction, it's ChIP for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation.
happy2008: And the earliest observations were rarely of clinical use for millions of people. (thinking of X-ray crystal of DNA, Meselsen & Stahl, Mullins & PCR, etc...) Science is expensive, but getting products to market for medicine gets hellishly expensive.
The reason why cancer is so difficult to study is because the body is a giant black box of thousands of genes that depend on proper inter-operation between each other, whereby any one thing screwing up causes cancer.
The best analogy I've used is cars. A car works fine for a little, it gets old, and then it "just doesn't run that well". Why? Now imagine that you take the car to someone who knows NOTHING about the mechanical workings of the car; and you can't turn off the car. And all you have to fix the car is adding or draining fluids (chemotherapy). Or you get some impact wrenches and torque wrenches (like cancer surgery), but again you can only work on the car while it's operating, and thus you can't really take anything apart without killing the patient.
So one line of work goes into imaging, so that we can study the car's workings without taking the car apart. We can also compare this to new cars and study the difference between old malfunctioning car and new car. You can take apart another brand new car, but does a pile of parts tell you anything about the car? No. (This is why the genome by itself tells us nothing)
Welcome to cancer research.
Pluto - if you even had an inkling of an idea of the complexity of the biological systems that are being understood and the continued genius of our researchers, you would understand why what you have said is as ignorant as it is insulting. If you have a problem with scientific research then why don't you do some of your own and see what it is really like? Put your money where your mouth is, so to speak.
The amount that the average researcher gets paid is similar to what a road crew gets paid to fix potholes. Only the road crew isn't in debt to the tune of $80K, they have a union, They work 40 hrs not 60 per week, and get paid overtime.
Yeah, follow the money!
Medicine......CURE? C'mon folks let's get real, wake up and smell the coffee. Modern medicine and big pharma go hand in hand. They do not want to cure you. Why you ask? They only make money if you are sick. No money is made on the well. Therefore, it can be said with certainty that your doctor would soon go out of business if you were to suddenly be 'cured' of any disease. What is done here in America by the medical and pharmaceutical community is a travesty at best. They only treat symptoms not a disease. If the first pill makes you ill, or produces side effects, they will quickly give you another to mask those side effects. Pretty soon you have a medicine chest full of various pills and yup, you guessed it, your still sick! All the so called 'research' money goes into buying Senators and Congressmen so the charade can be continued, exhorbitant salries for those at the top, and kick backs all around. No wonder we the people can't get a decent healthcare plan. Fight back.....ditch your useless pills.
Dumb idea. Do musicians run out of songs to sing? No the reason you think that there is a greedy conspiracy is because you are an armchair scientist who never took the time to do any real research of your own and try to contribute to the research. Perhaps you have spent your time on other worthwhile pursuits, but regardless, science is not one of them. If it had been however, you would know why what you espouse is nothing more than a scapegoater's attempt to play the victim in the face of a complex problem. You imagine vast conspiracies to fill the void of your ignorance. You are not alone in this line of thought however, as many posts here attest, but that is no excuse for not getting the facts.
Diseases are complex and many are simply beyond our reach. So please either get involved in the cures or get out of the way. Your ignorant position is an insult to the millions of people who dedicate their lives to the persuit of cures.
Jakeman: "it can be said with certainty that your doctor would soon go out of business if you were to suddenly be 'cured' of any disease."
Although that is obviously untrue, and your hyperbole is a little wild, what you say has some slight merit. The free market does often encourage the investment in treating symptoms rather than disease. That is one of many reasons why the free market is a bad way to run a healthcare system. Too bad it is the American people themselves who won't let us fix that.
P.S. Anybody using the phrase "it can be said with certainty" in the middle of a conspiratorial diatribe, can probably be taken fairly lightly.
Perhaps, 20, 30 years from now, people will reap some benefits from the genome maps. I hope so. But not now. I lost my mother last year to Stage IV uterine cancer. Four months into "treatment" she was gone. A healthy lady who was vigilant about her health . We'll never know why she got it, genetics? we don't know our family medical history very well, stress? she was a widow and definitely a Type A personality. Or perhaps the meds she took for anxiety, high BP or those yearly flu shots predisposed her. We'll never know. I do know from my mother's case and other persons I have known, and from the cancer discussion board I visit regularly, that cancer is a horrible disease. Often symptomless until advanced, it mutates when under attack and we aren't close to a cure now. For all the fancy scans, Cat, Pet scans, MRI, US, and all the chemo meds and the drugs to mask the SE of those meds, we don't know what causes it in most cases and we can't cure it unless it can be surgically removed in it's earliest stages. The boards are full of people who had surgery, very aggressive chemo and radiation for "insurance" to "mop up all those nasty cancer cells that might have seeded somewhere else" Guess what folks, months, years later recurrence, more chemo, sometimes more surgery, and then mets to the lungs, liver,bone and brain. And finally, the Dr telling you as in my mother's case, "Gee I guess the treatment didn't work".. You think?
Sorry if I sound jaded and bitter. I am.
This article points to another reason why the government should get out of the way. The impediments to genomic research are primarily due to the fact that two false principles prevailed for years: 1. There is no recursion in gene function; 2. Only the genes matter and the rest is "Junk DNA". As someone else pointed out in a comment here, much of your health depends on the things you choose to eat and do. This is an obvious, practical example of recursive gene function-- yes, gene function does work both ways. ....and it turns out the answers for many syndromes and diseases are in 98.7 percent of the genetic material, formerly called "Junk DNA" where the rare variants to which this article refers can be found. 3 billion dollars was thrown after the pursuit of gene sequencing without considering the Junk DNA, even though many scientists knew that the approach was incomplete and that the Junk DNA wasn't junk at all and of course there is recursion! Because the government entity upheld the erroneous principles, the scientists who actually knew better were not only ignored but ostracized, and the American taxpayers were robbed again by government bureaucracy investing our money in a misguided approach. Watch the Congress and the FDA now as the government tries to hijack genome-based personalized medicine. The government is everywhere and not doing the taxpayers any service, rather they are impeding progress, wasting our money, incurring more debt to enlarge their own power base, and moreover, blocking the way to health and well being. Note this about their latest derailment of personalized medicine and write to Congress to try to get government out of genomics, so the private sector can freely explore the possibilities and We the People derive the benefits. http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/the-human-condition/2010/06/11/breaking-fda-likely-to-require-pre-market-clearance-for-dtc-personal-genomics-tests.html
I'm pretty sure that the techniques used to sequence the genome are absolutely blind to coding and "junk" DNA differences. How could they only focus their efforts on sequencing coding sequences when they wouldn't know what was coding and not coding until after they sequenced it?
Also Craig Venter's group sequenced the genome privately without the government.
I'm not sure that your anger is well placed.
Also, Why wouldn't the government have the right to decide how its money will be spent? If the government funding agencies want to fund only projects that they feel will bear fruit isn't that their right - and obligation? Would you rather the NIH just gave money to any fly-by-night research without making sure that they had a plan to find something worthwhile? It sounds to me like you are all for government money for research, but not for government oversight of how that money is awarded. You can't have your cake and eat it too.